Modern Node.js uses async/await syntax exclusively. We avoid raw callbacks and .then chains. Error handling uses try/catch blocks with structured error classes. For complex workflows, we implement Promise.all for parallel operations and async pools for rate-limited concurrent tasks.

Yes. All Node.js backends we build use TypeScript — providing compile-time type checking, better IDE support, and self-documenting code. We configure ts-node-dev for development with hot reload, and compile to JavaScript for production deployments.

We implement helmet.js for security headers, express-rate-limit for brute force protection, input validation with Joi or Zod, SQL injection prevention via parameterized queries, and dependency scanning with npm audit and Snyk. Environment variables store secrets — never hardcoded credentials.